The economy of misinformation!

 

Some fascinating stories in circulation on the web today.

• Earth is flat.

• 'Moon landing' was a conspiracy, it never happened.

• Herbs cure COVID19.

• Homosexuality is a disorder and it can be cured by Yoga.

• Our ‘race’ is the best.

• 'Motivation and passion' that is all that one needs to succeed in life.

All of the above is just plain untrue, misleading and utter bullshit; but you know what? You can find ‘information’, ‘social media posts’ and ‘opinions’ masquerading as facts - supporting each of these bizarre theories on the internet. Not one, not two but millions upon millions of carefully crafted digital stories backing each of these salacious claims, not only exist but are only a recommendation away. Planted delicately in the way of your attention to make you stop, scroll, consume and click. The currency of your attention is what the spreaders of the misinformation are gunning for. These exist because vested interests are willing to pay for them from their endless pool of resources.

The economy of misinformation is HUGE, estimated at 250 billion USD, globally!

Misinformation, slander and scandals; sell like hotcakes.

Take a moment to imagine a group of people, who were born and brought up on these posts. Consider that they have lived their entire life surrounded by these details, would they ever accept contrasting information worthy of their attention? When they go on to the world wide web and search, they find millions who hold the same beliefs; what do they take away from it? That they are not alone and that there is no way, so many people can be wrong about something, which they believe to be true. So it must be true, the earth is indeed flat and to support that they have emphatic evidence right in front of their eyes, the ground below their feet is indeed flat; so how can the claim that earth is flat be untrue?

While you process that, let me present a thought exercise: look at all the things that you may have acquired in the last 2 years or so. List everything down, every item and then try to trace back, to the original instinct that got you to buy them. What was it? Did any form of advertisement, play a part?

Let me bring the third case into the mix; list down the last ten digital altercation that you may have had with others on various internet-based mediums - social media, messengers, video chat forums and others. What caused those brawls actually? What formed the basis of your opinions, the cause that you stood for? Was it in any way bolstered by what others expressed in solidarity with your views on the matter on the digital platform, that you frequent?

If yes, then you’ve been played with.

You’ve been manipulated by someone who devilishly weaponised the weaknesses of your mind, your ignorance; to further their own cause. They have benefited from the blind spots of your psychology, your behavioural glitches to make money out of your attention. How do you like the idea?

The illusion of knowledge, a false feeling of confidence and sense of community and belonging that these digital excursions (Social media) offer in exchange for time spend on the medium- draws people to them, irresistibly.

Let's take another case.

Imagine an ignorant but decent soul playing a silent spectator in an argumentative exchange going wild on a Whatsapp group that he is a part of, in which he found the group proposing 'earth is flat' presenting colourful reasons for it being the truth. In all honesty, with the sole objective of finding facts he launches youtube and types, "Earth is flat". Youtube returns the man, a ton of videos on that topic. He watches to one, and then moves on to the other and then to the next. After 2 hours of viewing different people eloquently presenting to an HD camera the fact that 'earth is flat' in a well-lit frame, he is confident. In his mind, he has the 'Knowledge' that he needs. He rages back to the group with his newly acquired 'intel and confidence' adds weight on to the side of the argument that purposed that 'earth is flat'. A few of these debates later the man now is a convert, an activist of the cause of dispelling every other version of the earth, circulating faster than earth is rotating on its axis. He considers it his responsibility to put things to record now.

A bubble of sorts is created in which he is trapped for eternity, an expansive universe in which he magically finds different people from different parts of the world who think exactly as he does? It is nothing but smart algorithms pushing on the side of conformance bias.

The principle to note in internet-based knowledge gathering and socialising exercises is that when you find people echoing your thoughts it does not always mean that what you are thinking is the right thing to think, it only means that like you the other people have also been subjected to the same stimulus and therefore they are reacting in a predictable way.

Confirmation is not the same as corroboration, more people saying the same thing does not make it right.

Consider this, let’s say your name is “Lav Kush” and a million people start calling you “Rohan” all of them addressing you by the wrong name at the same time and in a continuous and consistent manner; imagine 10 more people get added to that group of a million people who are calling you by a wrong name. What is the most likely name they are going to think you have? Lav Kush or Rohan? You know they would inadvertently add their voice to the building chorus of “Rohan”. "Rohan" is a fictitious name for you but it is a fact for those million others. Except that the million people, in this case, are simply wrong, but they are united in their misinformation and that makes the cumulative choristers appear much stronger than what is actually the right information - "Lav Kush".

This is how 'spread' of misinformation works.

The other question now is; when people have such an effective and powerful tool in their reach why do they not spread the right information? Are they inherently evil people? Why does it always have to be the wrong use of the tech? What sense does it make to use the tool wrongfully for indecent purposes? Why would someone be so taken up by the cause of spreading misinformation? These are valid questions. The answer is that - the truth is always ‘mundane’ and uninteresting because it does not dress up to impress it just puts clothes on.

Let me present to you two flavours of the same story, to further the argument.

The First Version: Iqbal is a hardworking student. He commits himself to routine and follows it through. He studies 6 hours a day, every day and then sleeps 8 hours a day, every day. He eats home-cooked meals most of the times. With sustained preparation, he cleared the prestigious UPSC entrance examination.

The second version: Iqbal was a bad student, he used to get into fights and all sorts of funny stuff back in school. His teachers and family members were equally worried about the prospects of his future. One day, while strolling back from school he met a sage who gave him a miracle filled sweet, he ate it and from that day onwards he was transformed. He started studying 16 hours a day, he would not even need to sleep for more than 4 hours a day and he constantly just kept on working. As a result, he cracked the prestigious UPSC entrance examination.

Both versions of the story offer the same outcome “Iqbal cleared the prestigious UPSC entrance examination” but which one do you think will sell more? First or second? We know the answer is going to be second.

Why?

The second story, forces leading questions on to the readers. Has a hint of mystery in it, waiting to be unravelled, some like these.

•Are miracles possible?

•Sages have transformative capabilities.

•Who was this sage, could we also seek his blessing?

•16 hours of study is possible, can be tried out. All of those who do not put in those kinds of hours are stupid nincompoops and are bound to fail.

•Sleep is not important at all; 4 hours is just about fine.

The first one, will not get anyone excited, it is as boring as a bowl of khichri. It is not exciting and that is enough to drive people away from it. But we can't say the same thing for the 2nd version, which appears straight from the movies.

That is how the business of fake news, conspiracy theories and propagandist narratives work.

It plants juicy connivance at the heart of an earthly event to get people interested, in the story. Constant and colourful reinforcement is supplied. Different people use this hunger (vulnerability of the human mind) for mystery in different forms.

Tech giants - Deploy powerful and pervasive algorithms to supply an abundance, the never-ending flow of content to satiated our senses by confirming to our beliefs, trapping us in our own bubble and yet keeping us hungry, at the same time by furnishing a variety of overproduced agenda-driven content, often for free. They grow audiences by popularising biases which they monetise for their economic gains. They sell our attention to corporations that are willing to place advertisements of their products somewhere in the content for us to consume and then get persuaded to buy.

Political parties use it to generate narratives that suit their politics. They create grand distractions to blind people of real issues/shield their failures. False enemies are erected so that people remain busy fighting them while they make the hay. Accountability is abdicated by confusing public consciences in an endless maze. News organisation and social media firms are paid to do the job. We are witnessing one right now in the country. We've become the 2nd most infected with COVID19 as a country, China is walking over our toes, the economy has plunged by 24%, and joblessness is at its peak and all we are being offered is scandalous collusion of an actor who died.

Corporations - They plug their products where the eyeballs are to boost growth prospects. You can’t buy a product that you have not seen or heard about. So wherever most people are listening becomes the essential place for organisations to advertise. They willingly pay the tech giants for creating these vast networks of disbelieves and misinformation appearing as reality and truth.

Regular people - They have a smartphone with a cheap data connection and nothing better to do with their time. So they hog on it, endlessly. Consumption becomes the easiest and effortless way to spend time.

Very few people have actually studied psychology and human behaviour well enough to avoid falling in these traps as a result they allow platforms to trade their attention for their profit. In the end, capital wins because these spaces are made available to the highest bidder; truth does not matter as much as confirmation bias does. Ordinary users unknowingly grow these monsters by feeding them with their attention. For short term pleasure, they lose long term control. Are you willing to squander your senses to the chorale around you? If not then, delete your social media accounts right now, limit your news consumption (preferably to print). Use your time productively in something useful, something constructive. You'll be better served.

I’m linking my article on digital minimalism, here for you to see the ways in which you can shield yourself from the damage the internet can do to you.

Good luck and stay safe.

Hindu Vs Hinduism!

 

“मैं  सबसे अच्छा हिंदू हूँ “, asserted a man who was buying earthen pots and diyas (traditional lamps) to decorate his home on the evening of Ram Janambhumi temple bhumi pujan from a poor seller toiling hard to make the ends meet for his family, under a tree on a dusty city road, rattled by irritably honking motor vehicles. The poor seller is groggy, not very well educated but has the wisdom to analyse what he just heard, before accepting it to be the ultimate truth. He mutters to himself quietly "when did being a Hindu become a competition"? He labours to hide the expression of astonishment on his face because he knows so much as a sign of disagreement with his well-fed, pot-bellied, ill-mannered, and arrogant customer would most certainly mean loss of sale and perhaps even he could be forced to vacate the 2 feet area that he occupies to spread his shop. So, he hides his disagreement behind the dual cover of dutiful nod and a broad helpless smile. He packs the purchase neatly in a newspaper that he bought earlier in the week and hands it over to the buyer, to cement his relationship with the 'best Hindu', he tries to fill as much pride as he possibly can in the "जय श्री राम", for a parting greeting!

One of the holy books of Hindusim, Ramayan, decribes RamRajya, in the following verse.

दैहिक दैविक भौतिक तापा। राम राज नहिं काहुहि ब्यापा॥

सब नर करहिं परस्पर प्रीती। चलहिं स्वधर्म निरत श्रुति नीती॥

भावार्थ:-'रामराज्य' में दैहिक, दैविक और भौतिक ताप किसी को नहीं व्यापते। सब मनुष्य परस्पर प्रेम करते हैं और वेदों में बताई हुई नीति (मर्यादा) में तत्पर रहकर अपने-अपने धर्म का पालन करते हैं।

Lord Rama, specifies "स्वधर्म" and talks about a social struture in which no one, has any pain (Physical, economic, spritual, worldley or otherwise). He also, says that one practices their belife at a personal level ; rulling out the case for a competitive display of 'faith'.

In the know of how Lord Rama envisioned the ideal society; let us try and analyse, this situation briefly.

The seller was not as Hindu as he was hungry, not as Muslim as he was weak, not as Christian as he was hopeless about his future, not as Sikh as he was in pain. He did not express himself, he accepted the payment thanked the buyer to conclude the episode. Who was the thinking seller; we will never know. But he represents, a vast majority of this country, that is both socially and economically oppressed so much so that they think they do not have a political choice either. This group of people can afford to engage in just one fight at a time, so they give every other struggle a pass because poverty almost always holds every ounce of their existence hostage.  The social and political discourse of the day is unfortunately not about him (or shall we say them) but the other lad, for whom, being a Hindu does not come without the obsessive compulsion of asserting that identity, which is not so much religious as it is political but he does not have either the sense, the education or the curiosity to make such a thoughtful distinction. He goes around exerting his beliefs as aggressively and as passionately as humanly possible for him. For him, faith is not a private matter; he is not content in himself unless he measures himself against others he does not feel the sense of fulfilment.

श्रद्धावान्ल्लभते ज्ञानं तत्पर: संयतेन्द्रिय:।

ज्ञानं लब्ध्वा परां शान्तिमचिरेणाधिगच्छति॥

भावार्थ:-: श्रद्धा रखने वाले मनुष्य, अपनी इन्द्रियों पर संयम रखने वाले मनुष्य, साधनपारायण हो अपनी तत्परता से ज्ञान प्राप्त कते हैं, फिर ज्ञान मिल जाने पर जल्द ही परम-शान्ति (भगवत्प्राप्तिरूप परम शान्ति) को प्राप्त होते हैं।

It is safe to assume that this assertive kind of Hindu has not read the Shrimad Bhagwat Geeta, and therefore not in the know that religion is not something to be made a show of, therefore, he goes all out.

He (the buyer) is a brand of Hindu, for whom, unison with God in the serene hours of the dawn making silent prayer the medium is not religious enough; he gets a high when he gets to parade with others like him on the streets shouting ‘Jai Shri Ram’ out loud. As if the lord is hard on hearing. He surely hasn't read.

सर्वत: पाणिपादं तत्सर्वतोऽक्षिशिरोमुखम् |

सर्वत: श्रुतिमल्लोके सर्वमावृत्य तिष्ठति ||

भावार्थ:-:वे (परमात्मा) सब जगह हाथों और पैरोंवाले, सब जगह नेत्रों, सिरों और मुखोंवाले तथा सब जगह कानोंवाले हैं। वे संसारमें सबको व्याप्त करके स्थित हैं।

He feels alive when he identifies the ‘other‘, in his illiterate notion, service to God is in hurling insults towards those unlike him and on occasions he does not even hesitate from physically violating their freedom. Extremes of these affirmations end in merciless crimes too, this nation has not forgotten the horror of beef lynching, its victims and other innocents who were killed in various communal tensions that have stained, the constitutional republic of India, perhaps forever.

This Hindu finds solace in the company of fringe and strength in hateful utterances of the political leaders. He believes, he is being like his PM when he marks people with their clothes (remember, the speech that Narendra made, in which he said that those who create disturbances can be identified with their clothes"). And he is not entirely wrong in making that assumption, what else is a common man supposed to draw from the image of a union minister garlanding an accused released on bail from charges of lynching Aklaqh khan. He believes strongly in the power of symbols, puts a large Tilak on his forehead, wraps saffron with pride and wonders around teaching people the history that he learns from his Whatsapp. He thinks his religion is in danger and is willing to sacrifice everything to save his ‘Dharma’. He does not know the concept of Dharma or understand its meaning, let alone its practices and implication on the societal structure.

श्रूयतां धर्म सर्वस्वं श्रुत्वा चैव अनुवर्त्यताम्। आत्मनः प्रतिकूलानि, परेषां न समाचरेत् ॥

भावार्थ:- अपने को जो अच्छा न लगे, वैसा आचरण दूसरे के साथ नही करना चाहिये।

He has been made to belive with constant reinforcement that his acts are for the benefits of his religion first and for the welfare of his country at large. He has absolutely no idea that he is not becoming a saint by practising this kind of toxic routine, instead, he has been converted into a political worrier, armed with hate and intolerance. When he waves a gun at people peacefully protesting against the decision of the government, that he believes is working for the same faith like his, in his mind, he is pulling a modern Bhagat Singh. He does not believe that his bullet, if and when fired, will hurt and kill another India, but an anti-national, who has no right to be in this country. He thinks his extreme hate for the 'other'; makes him a purist, an nationalist. He finds comfort in the hate-mongering MOS of finance (देश के गद्दारों को, गोली मारो…को), venomous saffron-clad chief minister's obnoxious utterances and terror accused lady member of parliament who openly celebrates the killing of Bapu and hails his murderer.  He thinks that he can't be punished for being a true Hindu nationalist.

Let's take a step back, a reflective pause to think if he is entirely wrong? If recent developments are anything to go by, you can say that he may be unwise but not entirely delusional.

He knows it very well that a grand Ram temple will be erected before the next general election. He knows that those responsible for the demolition of the mosque, an act outlined as criminal by the Supreme Court, are the very people, who are in charge of building the temple; so by extension, if he also crosses a line or two in the expression of his love for the Hindu Dharma, he would have the full protection of the state as well.

Millions of people welcomed the Bhumi Pujan, as they should - Lord Rama, is indeed revered and who in the right mind would oppose building up of a temple at his birthplace; a fact registered in epics and folklore for thousands of year, and now even has the seal of the highest court of the land. The construction is perfectly legal. The debate, unfortunately, does not end there, though. Such overwhelming sponsorship and exuberant participation of the Indian state in religious activity, the Indian PM inaugurating the ceremony; is where the question of constitutional morality, secular character of the nation and political impropriety comes in. But before we quote the conduct of democrat, par excellence Jawaharlal Nehru, the then PM of India, who did not participate in the Somenath Temple, to preserve his righteousness as the head of a secular state. He did not stop there, he also took exception of the then President Dr Rajendra Prasad's desire to be a part of the celebration; to say that Mr Modi's conduct was not Prime ministerial, we should examine the below facts too.

+ BJP under the leadership of Narender has won a full majority in a 'free and fair' election, for the 2nd time in a row; so they are indeed the bearers of the will of the people.

+ BJP and the RSS, have been unapologetic in their public position with respect to building the temple or other contentious issues like Article 370, Uniform Civil code, Citizenship amendment bill etc.

+ PM Modi, is also a citizen his right to religion is guaranteed by the same constitution that gives us our rights.

+BJP is a political outfit and as the way of the world in politics goes, creating and swinging public opinion is what their core job is and they are going about it well.

So where, does that leave us - the common voiceless and faceless citizens?

"Hindu - Hindi - Hindustan" is the slogan that PM and his party swear by, secularism, plurality and unity in diversity is not how they describe India in their Idea of her.

The choices now will have to be made by us, the people!

Do we wish to remain secular and prosper the way most of the western world has or do we relegate into becoming a theocratic state, like our neighbour (Pakistan) and descent into chaos of extremism that the idea of a nation based on religion brings with itself? At this point, it is vital to understand that only 32% of Indians voted for the agenda that Narendra and Amit wish to operationalise; twice as many Indians do not approve of it. But to make any substantial difference on the ground, ordinary voters will have to unite and vote for their idea of India, one which had the blessing of the great Mahatma, a Gujarati, every Indian is proud of.

संघे शक्ति कलियुगे

भावार्थ: कलियुग में संगठन शक्ति ही प्रधान है

So, when the opportunity presents itself, DO VOTE and VOTE FOR AN INCLUSIVE INDIA.

Till then, राम राम।